Sunday, 29 November 2015

determine by looking at the health of menstrual blood

Menstrual blood or menstrual blood are removed from a woman's uterus in each month has a different color. By knowing the color of menstrual blood, the weather may be aware that their health is maintained.

Menstrual blood has an assortment of colors, menstrual blood may be bright red, brown, and black. Changes in the color of dirty blood is not including a serious condition, but still have to watch for any potential risks to health.

If it is not in a state of pregnancy, menstrual blood normally occurs every month, usually every 21 to 35 days within a period of two to seven days. Whatever the amount of blood ejected varied, ranging from 4 teaspoon up to 12 teaspoons each time coming months.

To know the color of menstrual blood and their meanings, as reported Meetdoctor following Monday (3/8):

1.vermilion, blood freshly removed from the body. Blood flow that occur tend to be mild and orderly.

2.dark red, indicating the presence of blood were older and had longer stored in the womb and a new exit. Typically, the color of blood thus occurs when a woman waking.

3.slightly brown color or blackish, which indicates the existence of old blood. The women who have this blood is usually experienced when approaching the end of the menstrual period, the blood flow is not heavy. Women with irregular menstrual cycles also tend to experience menstrual blood with such color

4.Oranye, colors arise because blood mixed with secretions from the cervix. Moreover, the orange color can also indicate an infection. If blood orange continue to occur in the presence of health symptoms, you should consult a doctor.

The things to be aware of changes in the color of menstrual blood is if you feel excessively tired, dizziness, skin and nails become pale and irregular menstrual cycles. This condition can be a sign of anemia or people often call anemia, which require iron supplementation.

Friday, 26 September 2014

causes of vaginal yeast factors


Factors that increase your risk of developing a yeast infection include:

Antibiotic use. Yeast infections are common in women who take antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics — those that are effective against a wide range of bacteria — kill healthy bacteria in your vagina, which can lead to the overgrowth of yeast.
Increased estrogen levels. Yeast infections appear to occur more frequently in women with increased estrogen levels — for instance, in women who are pregnant, those taking high-dose estrogen birth control pills or those taking estrogen hormone therapy.
Uncontrolled diabetes. In women who have diabetes, those with poorly controlled blood sugar levels are more likely to develop yeast infections than are women who have diabetes under control.
Impaired immune system. Women with lowered immunity — such as from corticosteroid therapy or HIV infection — are more likely to get yeast infections.
Sexual activity. Although yeast infections aren't considered sexually transmitted infections, one way the candida organism can be introduced into your vagina is through sexual contact.

Overview
A jock with athlete’s foot. A baby with thrush. A woman with a vaginal yeast infection. All three people have fallen prey to a fungal infection, which can occur in several places on our bodies. Fungi are microorganisms characterized by a substance in their cell wall called chitin.

Some fungi, like many types of mushrooms, are edible. Others, like aspergillus, can be extremely dangerous when they infect our bodies and lead to life-threatening diseases. In between are many other types of fungi that are capable of causing infections in our lungs, skin and nails.

Part 2 of 7: Types
Types of Fungal Infection
A fungal infection is also known as mycosis. Although most fungi are harmless to humans, some of them are capable of causing disease under specific conditions. Fungi reproduce by releasing spores that can be picked up by direct contact or even inhaled. That’s why fungal infections often affect the lungs, skin, or nails. Fungi can also penetrate the skin to affect your organs and cause a whole body systemic infection. Some common fungal infections include:

Athlete’s Foot

Some fungi, called dermatophytes, thrive in the warm and humid area between the toes and particularly common among athletes. Athlete’s foot causes itching, scaling, peeling, or cracking of the skin.

Jock Itch

Dermatophytes can also affect the groin area, producing an itchy fungal skin infection. It’s mostly a problem for men and boys, but women can suffer from the infection too.

Ringworm

Ringworm is a fungal infection that typically affects the skin and scalp. It usually starts as a reddish, itchy, and scaly rash. Over time, it gets larger and forms a red ring.

Onychomycosis

Onychomycosis is a very common fungal infection of the nail and nail bed. It usually starts as a small light-colored spot on the nail. As it spreads deeper, it changes the shape and color of the nail, and the nail becomes thicker and more brittle. It is often painful and recurrent.

Candidiasis Albicans

Candida albicans is a specific fungi that can infect the mouth, vagina, stomach and urinary tract.

Other Opportunistic Organisms

Some fungal organisms don’t cause infection in humans, but do cause sickness in people with suppressed immune systems.

Part 3 of 7: Causes
What Causes Fungal Infections?
Fungal infections are contagious and can spread from one person to another. But humans do have protections against fungi. For one, almost every part of the human body has non-disease causing bacteria that protect us from fungal infections. These bacteria deprive harmful fungi of space and nutrients, thereby keeping them in check. Secondly, even if fungi do manage to colonize the skin, the body’s immune system can often fight them off. High acidity levels in some environments such as the vagina provide another layer of protection.

But not all of the body’s defense mechanisms are infallible. In patients who are immune-suppressed for example, the immune system is unable to fight fungal infection adequately. In addition, prolonged use of antibiotics destroys both helpful bacteria, allowing fungi to colonize the skin and mucous. In postmenopausal women, hormonal changes reduce the acidity of their vagina, making them more vulnerable to vaginal yeast infections.

Part 4 of 7: Risk Factors
What Are The Risk Factors For Developing Fungal Infections?
Dampness and Humidity

Sweating profusely or working in a warm and humid environment can increase your risk for a fungal infection. Fungi need a warm and moist environment to grow.

Walking barefoot in damp places such as gyms, locker rooms, and showers can also increase your risk. These public places are often rich in fungal spores and can lead to a fungal infection.

Poor Blood Circulation

Any condition that causes poor blood circulation in the skin can lead to infection. Poor

vaginal yeast infection

A vaginal yeast infection is a type of vaginitis — inflammation of the vagina — characterized by vaginal irritation, intense itchiness and vaginal discharge. A vaginal yeast infection affects your vagina and the tissues at the opening to your vagina (vulva).

Vaginal yeast infection — also called vaginal candidiasis — is very common. As many as 3 out of 4 women experience a yeast infection at some point in their lifetimes. Many women experience two or more yeast infections.

A vaginal yeast infection isn't considered a sexually transmitted infection, although the fungus that causes the condition can be spread through oral-genital contact. Simple treatment is usually effective, unless you have recurrent yeast infections — four or more in a single year. In that case, you may need a longer course of therapy and a maintenance plan.Yeast infection symptoms can range from mild to moderate and include:

Itching and irritation in the vagina and at the entrance to the vagina (vulva)
A burning sensation, especially during intercourse or while urinating
Redness and swelling of the vulva
Vaginal pain and soreness
Thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance
Complicated yeast infection

You might have a complicated yeast infection if:

You have severe signs and symptoms, such as extensive redness, swelling and itching that leads to the development of tears or cracks (fissures) or sores
You have recurrent yeast infections — four or more in a single year
Your infection is caused by a type of candida other than Candida albicans
You're pregnant
You have uncontrolled diabetes
You have lowered immunity due to use of certain medications or a condition such as HIV infection
When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with your doctor if:

This is the first time you've experienced yeast infection symptoms
You're not sure whether you have a yeast infection
Your symptoms don't go away after self-treating with over-the-counter antifungal vaginal creams or suppositories
You develop other symptoms

Sunday, 13 July 2014

differences in menstrual blood and blood diseases

If your menstrual blood varies in color and consistency throughout your monthly period, it's likely that it's perfectly normal. There are times, though, when changes in color, thickness, or clotting may indicate a problem.

You might feel embarrassed asking your health care provider about menstrual blood problems, but it is important.

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What happens during a menstrual period, and how long does it last?

During your menstrual cycle, the lining of your uterus thickens to get ready for pregnancy. Then, during your period, your body sheds the uterus lining along with blood. The amount of blood and fluid lost is usually between 4 and 12 teaspoons each cycle.

The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days. For some women, though, cycles can be as short as 21 days. For others, they can be as long as 35 days.

A normal period lasts between two and seven days. The average length of time for a period is three to five days.

Are clots and thicker menstrual blood unusual during a period?

Many women have clots in their menstrual blood from time to time. The clots may be bright red or dark in color. Often, these clots are shed on the heaviest days of bleeding. The presence of multiple clots in your flow may make your menstrual blood seem thick or denser than usual.


Your body typically releases anticoagulants to keep menstrual blood from clotting as it's being released. But when your period is heavy and blood is being rapidly expelled, there's not enough time for anticoagulants to work. That enables clots to form.

If you have excessive clotting or clots larger than a quarter, you should see your health care provider to rule out any conditions that might be causing an abnormal period.

Are darker colors and thicker flows normal in menstrual blood?

Sometimes you may notice that your menstrual blood becomes dark brown or almost black as you near the end of your period. This is a normal color change. It happens when the blood is older and not being expelled from the body quickly.

Temporary thick, heavy flow isn't necessarily cause for concern. However, regular heavy periods justify a trip to the doctor to check your blood counts. Many women become accustomed to heavy periods, considering them to be normal. Over time, though, the excess monthly blood loss leads to anemia, potentially causing weakness or fatigue. If you ever feel something's not right with your period, see your health care provider.

What causes menstrual blood problems?

Changes in the color and thickness of menstrual blood are often normal. But there are a number of problems that might cause abnormal clots to form in your menstrual blood or lead to the changes in color or thickness during your period. Remember, it's important to discuss any concerns you have with your doctor. Problems that can cause changes include:

Miscarriage. Women who have miscarried may pass blood clots or gray clumps of tissue from the vagina. If there is a chance you are pregnant, be sure to check with your doctor immediately if you notice excessive bleeding or clotting.
Fibroids. Uterine fibroids are also called leiomyomas. These are noncancerous tumors that form in the uterus. Fibroids do not always cause symptoms.  In fact, increasing research information suggests that most women with small "fibroid" tumors have no symptoms at all. But women with fibroids may notice greater than usual amounts of menstrual blood. If you have fibroids, you may have more clots in your period than you had in the past.
Hormonal changes. Your body relies on a delicate balance of progesterone and estrogen. These hormones regulate the production and shedding of the uterine lining. When this balance is disturbed, it can lead to the development of an excessively thick uterine lining. This thickness can contribute to more bleeding than usual. It can also cause clots in the menstrual blood when the lining is shed.
Hormone changes may occur for many reasons, including:

Menopause
Recent dramatic weight change
Side effects from some medications, including steroids
Large uterus. If your uterus has been stretched during pregnancy and does not return to its original size, it may be permanently enlarged. With an enlarged uterus, menstrual blood may have time to collect and clot before it's released from the body. This could also result in a dark color or thickening of your menstrual flow.
Obstruction of menstrual blood. Anything that hinders or blocks the flow of menstrual blood from the uterus through the cervix and out of the vagina may lead to problems with clots, color, or thickness of menstrual blood. Benign polyps in the uterus may change the flow of blood during your period. The flow can also be slowed around the time of menopause when the cervical canal may become smaller as estrogen levels drop.
Adenomyosis or endometriosis. These related conditions occur when the tissue that forms the uterine lining is found in the wrong place. In endometriosis, this tissue develops outside of the 

characteristic features of menstrual blood

Menstruation blood or the menstruum(medical name) is the blood that  flows during a woman’s periods.
A few questions  often arise with regards to the menstrual blood which will briefly be addressed in this article-What is the normal color, odor, volume or consistency of menstrual blood? Should it contain blood clots? What are some common menstruall blood abnormalities?
Origin Of Menstrual  Blood
Menstrual blood originates from the normal shedding of the endometrium during normal menstruation as part of the ovulation cycle.
Though it is called vaginal bleeding, it  originates from the uterus  and not
originate from the vagina.
It simply passes through the vaginal lumen.
The term vaginal bleeding has been used medically to describe any bleeding from the female genital tract that comes out from the vagina.

Components Of Menstruation Blood
Menstrual blood is not composed of blood only. There are three qualitativecomponents found in menstrual blood
Blood
 Blood is the main component of what is collectively called
menstruation blood or menstruum. As the endometrium breaks down, small
blood vessels leading to the endometrium are exposed and blood oozes
out. Normally these open vessels usually constrict and close. Blood is
the major quantitative component of the menstruum.
Endometrium
As part of normal menstruation, the endometrium is shed from the
uterus. The shed endometrium is mainly made of cells and their fibrous
support. The shed endometrium is not blood! It is hard material that may
be seen in the normal menstrual blood as tissue or clots.
Some women
have seen this tissue material during normal menstruation and report
that they probably had a miscarriage. Others have seen them it and
called them clots for they really just look like true blood
clots. The amount of shed endometrium is less than the amount of blood
in the menstruum.

The unfertilized egg
The third component in the menstruum is the unfertilized egg. It is
indeed negligible with respect to its volume when compared to the blood
or the shed endometrium. It is a single cell which cannot be seen with
the naked eye! It is however worth noting that the egg is there as part
of the flow.
Normal characteristics of Menstrual Blood
Volume of menstrual flow
The
average volume of menstruum is about 35 ml with a normal range of 10 to
80 ml. You need not have a measuring container to know that you are
within the normal range! Many women have learned from experience to
determine the normal volume of menstruation blood by the amount of pads
or similar menstrual product required to stay dry, and how soaked or
wet these pads are.
The color of menstrual blood
There
could be a wide range of normal menstruation blood color. Usually, it
is bright or light red in color, looking like the bleeding from a cut
finger especially at the onset of menstruation. It could also be brown
or almost black towards the end of menses. The reason is simple to get.
As blood stays out of the blood vessels, it begins to change its color.
The black or brown color might just be normal menstrual blood that has
changed its color as it passes through the cervix into the vagina. It is
not usually black from the blood vessels they are coming from! Note
however that persistently black menses from start to finish each month
or similar feature should not just be labeled as normal. Talk to your
doctor.
Consistency
It may have the normal viscosity as blood from a bleeding finger or it could be watery and thin. It may also be stringy.
Odor
Normal
menstrual blood should not be offensive in odor. Offensive vaginal
discharges may be a sign of genital infection. However, blood may
accumulate in the vagina and stink if it is left there for a long time
especially more than 6 to 8 hours. Good menstrual hygiene should salvage
such situations.
Abnormal Menstrual Blood
There are common abnormalities of menstruation blood that women often encounter.
Clots
“Blood clots during  menstruation is  frequently reported by women. Should normal menstruation blood contain blood clots? The honest answer is “no, not blood clots but a different kind of clots”.  
Abnormal odor
Normal menstrual blood should not have an abnormal odor. The most important important cause of an abnormal odor is vaginal infection  which should prompt medical consultation. Other causes include stagnant menstrual blood, and foreign body like a forgotten tampon in the vagina.
Abnormal Color
Brown or even black menstrual blood can occur towards the end of menses because the the flow slows down and the blood spends more time in the tract and changes its color.Therefore it is a change that occurs in transit, and not from the origin.
Abnormal Volume
Heavy  and sometimes scant menstruation requires medical evaluation because there might be more serious causes and it could lead to anemia if not properly treated.  
Knowing the features of normal menstruation will enable you to better understand your body and identify abnormalities.
I would review in this article the minimum facts I believe every woman
should know about the menstrual flow during the normal menstrual cycle.
What Is Menstruation?
Menstruation is the shedding of the inner layer of the uterus called the endometrium
through the cervix into the vagina. It is one of the phases of the
menstrual cycle and the most noticeable one for obvious reasons!
Each
menstrual cycle essentially prepares a woman’s body for a possible
pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium which has been
build up in preparation then breaks down and appears as menses.
Menstrual flow is therefore some sort of uterine tears shed for not conceiving the pregnancy it was preparing for!
Menstruation and The Menstrual Cycle
Menstruation is not the same as the menstrual cycle. The menstrual
cycle describes the cyclic changes in a woman’s body going through
menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, the luteal phase and
back to menstruation again to begin the cycle. Menstruation is therefore
one of the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle.
Menstruation
or menses distinguishes humans from some mammals that have reproductive
cycles but do not menstruate. The shed endometrium in these mammals
does not flow out but is reabsorbed. Such cycles are not menstrous in nature and are called estrous cycles.
Menses, Periods and the “Moon”
What processes lead to menstrual flow during normal menstruation? The actorsbehind the screen in a woman’s body responsible for menstrual flow are the female hormones called progesterone and estrogen.
When
the levels of progesterone and estrogen drop suddenly at the end of the
luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium no longer receives
the support from these hormones and therefore begins to break down.
Furthermore,
chemicals like prostaglandins are released as the endometrium breaks
down which cause a mild contraction of the uterus gently pushing out
menstrual blood.
Characteristics Of Normal Menstruation
Normal menstruation has specific features. These characteristics
include the duration of menstrual flow, quality of the menstruum,
amount of blood loss, the flow pattern and associated symptoms.
1.       The duration of menstrual flow.Normal
menstruation usually last from 3 to 7 days. The exact duration varies
from woman to woman. It however shows little or no variation for the
same woman from cycle to cycle. Most women do not experience cycle to
cycle changes more than 1 or 2 days. It is unusual for the same woman
to have wide swings such as 3 days duration in one cycle and 7 days in
another.
2.      The amount of blood loss.The
average blood loss during normal menstruation is about 35 ml, with a
range of 10 to 80 ml. Yes, but who measures her menses inml?.
Most women develop a sense of what is normal for them by the number of
pads they use and how soaked those pads become with blood.You are different and therefore should learn what is normal for your body and not that of a friend, relative or webmaster.
3.      The quality of the menstrual blood.
Menstrual blood is normally bright or light red in color like the
bleeding that occurs after a knife cut or similar injury. If you have
never been injured, that is still fine! It could look brown in some few
women and still be normal menstruation. It must not have a foul odor.
Small clots may be a normal part of menstrual blood.
4.      The flow pattern.Normally,
as menses begin to flow, the amount of blood loss seems to increase
gradually until it attains a maximum and then starts diminishing as the
end of the flow draws near. This pattern is described as
crescendo-decrescendo pattern.
5.      Associated symptoms.Normal
menstruation may be accompanied by other symptoms such as breasts
fullness, mild lower abdominal pain or irritability. These symptoms are
never debilitating. Severe symptoms may indicate abnormalities such as
menstrual cramps or the premenstrual syndrome.
Sex and Menstruation
A 2009 survey of women published in the Journal of Sex Research
found that women have different experiences and attitudes towards
having sex during their periods. Generally, women have different
perceptions of sex during menstruation for cultural, religious or even
personal reasons.
The most significant medical concern for sex
during menstruation is the increased risk of contracting Sexually
Transmissible Infections( STI) during the period of menstruation.
Menstrual Hygiene
There are two main reasons why you should pay attention to personal hygiene during menstruation
§  Taking care of menstrual flowThis is often the obvious reason. It may really get messy
if not properly cared for. Blood can easily develop a foul stench. Many
products are now available for menstrual care. They are either
disposable or reusable. These include menstrual pads, tampons, menstrual
cups, sea sponges and cloth menstrual pads. You can read more on the
sanitary napkins.
§  Risk of infectionIt
is not obvious to many women, that there is a slightly higher risk of
contracting infections during and immediately after menstrual flow.
Furthermore, the placement of any foreign object like the menstrual
products into the vagina is another risk factor for infection if not
properly utilized. Proper attention should therefore be given to
personal hygiene during this period of the menstrual cycle.


Tuesday, 27 May 2014

Menstrual taboos

Will the pickle really spoil if I touched it during menstruation?”“Akka, why do they tell us not to touch anyone, to sit in a separate room and eat from a separate plate when we get our period?Two thoughts play hide and seek in my mind as I try to answer these questions from young girls. One, that I should help them understand that these restrictions are not because they become impure or polluted during menstruation. Two, that I should never, ever, hurt their religious or cultural sentiments beacuse I have neither the knowledge nor the right to make that judgement. The latter makes it difficult to do the former, and so round and round I go in my explanations, at best being able to tell them that these practises have been in place for ages to ensure women get some rest during their period. And leave them with the thought that it is their personal choice to follow these or not.
It is not once or twice that I have come across these questions as an educator on menstrual hygiene for adolescent girls. It is every single time. After having addressed more than 6000 adolescent girls from rural backgrounds over the last 4 years, you’d think that I’d have tried to come up with better explanations by now! The wake up call to find right answers to these questions came when I recently read what a well known educator/organization working on this issue had to say about such questions – the answers were a rude dismissal of such practises calling it superstition and unscientific, having no place in today’s time.
My first thought was – With what right do we dismiss someone else’s belief when we neither know the origin of such practises, nor its significance in the practitioner’s family?
My second, more interesting thought was – What if there was indeed some ancient story of menstrual magic hidden in these rituals, which we would lose out on in our arrogance of rubbishing these questions? Surely, something as natural as menstruation could not always have been looked down upon?
The urge to be able to talk to girls and women, especially from rural backgrounds, in their own language and way of thinking and give them back the meaning of their rituals, started me on this journey.
Please note that I have no scientific way of proving the validity of following content and my intention in this exploration is to understand what might have been the original reasons behind the rituals and taboo on menstruation.
Understanding the power of Menstrual cycles
Today, while most women and young girls in India are being told that menstruation is an impure, inconvenient, sad fate to be put up with, the Western world has gone a step ahead and invented pills that would help women no longer menstruate! Unlike what is now thought by most people, menstruation was originally considered a highly sacred process, equipping women with strong powers which could be life-giving (hence worshipping women) or dangerous (hence secluding menstruating women). Herein lies the beauty and the contradiction. To understand how this came about, we need to know how menstrual cycles are linked to moon cycles, and what changes each phase in the cycle brings.
Menstruation and the moon
To someone hearing this for the first time (like me), it is strange to think that the moon could affect what goes on in my body! Did you know that the menstrual cycle and the lunar (moon cycle) are of 28 days and

all women apparantly menstruated at the same time as with the new moon in ancient days? Charting your menstrual period according to the moon is one of the oldest forms of menstrual calendars. In fact, it is believed that the first calendars were based upon women’s charts of their menstrual cycles and the moon cycles.
For those who want a scientific reason, here is what one study explains:
In the days before electricity and living exclusively indoors, women’s cycles were influenced by natural moonlight. The principle is guided by the theory that moonlight provided an important synchronizing signal (scientists call these “zeitgebers”) for menstrual cycles that is now lost in our modern environment. Clinical studies performed by researchers at Harvard University, the U.S. Air Force, and the University of California, San Diego Sleep Center have shown that women’s menstrual cycles can become more regular after the women were exposed to a certain dosage of artificial light while they slept. 
Significance of each phase in the cycle
A woman’s body goes through 4 stages in one menstrual cycle, just as we go through 4 seasons in a year. I found the explanation quiet fascinating and could actually relate to much of what I read, although I was never consciously aware of these changes in my body. (The information presented below is a combination of content I borrowed from different sources mentioned at the end of this blog.)
Week 1: Menstruation (Days 1-7) – Begins with the first day of bleeding (it should ideally be a new moon). Within hours of starting your period, your estrogen levels will slowly begin to rise and you will tend to feel a shift from the heaviness or ‘PMS’ of the days before. This is considered a process of cleansing and removal of all negative thoughts and emotions. Many women, including me, have noticed that on the first few days of our periods, we feel an urge to suddenly clean our homes and remove all the clutter from our closets- and our lives. Our natural biological cleansing is accompanied by a psychological cleansing as well.
This is the time when women feel the need to go inward and be silent and contemplative. The rituals around seclusion during menstruation were partly meant to serve this purpose.
Week 2: Pre-Ovulation (Days 7-14) – This is the phase soon after the period when most women feel at their energetic best. The steady increase in estrogen boosts your brain’s serotonin levels, which leads to an increase in energy, enthusiasm and a more upbeat feeling overall. This phase is considered ideal to kick off new projects or creative work.
Week 3: Ovulation (Days 14 – 21) – This is the phase of Ovulation, where women are apparantly more physically attractive than on other days, and are more attracted to others. This is the time in our cycle when we need to be connecting to people and relaxing in our outside world. It can also be a time of vulnerability, and it is important that we keep ourselves grounded and be mindful about our actions.
Week 4: Pre-menstruation (Days 21 – 28) – On the other side of ovulation, you’ll feel the effects of decreasing estrogen and testosterone and increasing progesterone. Progesterone is the ‘ebb’ to estrogen’s ‘flow’. It will increase your desire to move inward, like the waning moon. Research shows greater activity in the right hemisphere of the brain – the part associated with intuitive knowing – in weeks 3 and 4 of your cycle. Always trust your intuition. But pay especially close attention to it in the second half of your cycle!
Alternative explanation for Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)
A number of girls and women suffer from aches, pains and mood fluctuations just before their period. Here are some fascinating explanations for this mentioned in different websites
The Pre-Menstrual phase (week 4) consists of the final days before you begin a new cycle. Progesterone continues to rise until just before the end of this phase when estrogen, testosterone and progesterone all plummet to their lowest levels. If you deny the natural need you have to slow down and turn inward, feelings of resentment, frustration and anger find a way to surface. 
The crankiness, impatience or annoyance so infamously called Premenstrual Syndrome, that we may experience in the last two weeks of our cycle, is really more about the feelings you have because you are not flowing with what you body really wants you to do – that is slow down, withdraw from the busyness of the outside world and look after yourself, not everybody else. 
“The premenstrual phase is therefore a time when we have greater access to our magic—our ability to recognize and transform the more difficult and painful areas of our lives. Premenstrually, we are quite naturally more in tune with what is most meaningful in our lives. We’re more apt to cry—but our tears are always related to something that holds meaning for us. Years of personal and clinical experience have taught me that the painful or uncomfortable issues that arise premenstrually are always real and must be 
So next time, instead of dismissing the depressive or disturbing thoughts that occur to us during the pre-menstrual days, an effort to understand it and address the reason would be much more helpful. Women have all the natural magical tools to deal with life – if only we were more aware of it!
The significance of rituals
I was quite surprised to read that the rituals around menstruation have been the same across the globe, be it Native America, Europe, Africa, Australia or Asia. The same practises of seclusion during menstruation, similar taboos related to touching food, not entering religious place, etc have been documented world over. Perhaps, it is only in parts of Asia such as India, where we still see many women who follow the rituals even now, and therefore most of us wrongly conclude that it is only in developing countries like India that such “superstitions” still exist. I have tried to read up and gather information from as many different sources as possible, to throw light upon how the rituals might have come into being. Here are a few rituals, taboos and thoughts around menstruation I was able to decode to some extent
“Menstruating women have to remain in seclusion until the period is over”
Often, the reason given in today’s time is that menstruating women are impure, unclean or dirty and hence need to be kept aside. In the book Blood, Bread and Roses, by Judy Grahn, she offers fascinating explanations for this..
Menstruating women were considered to be having special powers during menstruation, which if not used properly could cause harm to others. In addition, practical reasons of predatory animals smelling the blood in ancient times and coming for the kill, would have led to these women being kept in separate huts to protect the community. Since most ancestral women menstruated at the same time with the new moon, the seclusion huts (also called moon huts) were filled with women with special powers who together performed sacred rituals for the good of the community. Women who came out of the seclusion hut were revered for their visions and wisdom gained during this time, and often guided the community as to where to go for hunting, etc.
This in fact led to men coming up with similar rituals for adolescent boys, so that they do not feel left out. Thus emerged the ancient rituals (still practiced among some tribals) of young boys beating themselves and cutting their skin so that it bleeds resembling menstruation, and stinging themselves with bees and ants to drive themselves into a hallucination, to resemble the visions women had during menstruation. Poor boys!
“Menstrual blood is impure, bad blood”
All blood, even that in men, has originated from menstrual blood. Menstrual blood in ancient times was considered highly powerful and potent. It was used in many rituals and especially in making magic potions. Even today, any thing that is red in color used in ceremonies is apparently indicative of the ancient ritual of using menstrual blood. One study said that the red mark on the forehead of Hindu women was originally menstrual blood. Similarly, the symbol of Blood of Christ in Christianity is also indicative of menstrual blood. It is also said that the color red which is widely used in women’s lipstick and other cosmetics today, indicative of seduction and power, had its origin in menstrual blood used by our ancestors to make themselves more attractive.
“Menstruating women should not enter temples or participate in religious ceremonies”
This is one taboo which perhaps hurts the sentiments of most religious women and young girls. The thought keeps cropping up – “Am I so dirty during my period that even God would want me to stay away?”
Unfortunately, no one, including the elite women who practice this, had thus far been able to give me any explanation for this restriction, which was not negative. After much digging and research, I have found few explanations which are actually meant to protect women, rather than distance them.
It is believed that during menstruation, women are constantly dissipating energy from their bodies. Most religious chants are meant to balance out the energies in our body. However, this would interfere with the natural losing of energy that must happen in menstruating women to prevent excessive energy build-up. Hence, menstruating women are told to keep away during such occasions, so that their natural processes are not tampered with.
The other reason I came across was that menstruating women become open to receiving and absorbing energy during this time. This means, they can easily absorb other’s energies, including negative energies. Hence, they are asked to stay away from crowds and gatherings.
Another document said that menstruating women are so powerful, that their offering to God drowns out the offerings of everyone else present in the room. Hence, they are told to stay away from places of worship during menstruation.
These explanations might also be valid for the taboos around touching others and touching certain types of food during menstruation, since touching involves transfer of energy.
Gifting the stories to the next generation
As someone who has taken the responsibility of educating young girls on menstruation, I take it upon myself to share these explanations of the rituals and taboos with them, so that they can appreciate the spirit behind the ancient wisdom, whether or not they chose to follow it.
But even otherwise, I think there are important messages in these ancient traditions for all of us. These traditions have their roots at a time were women were worshiped and considered as beings capable of divinity; where the wisdom of women was relied upon by the whole community. Today, when we talk of increasing crimes on women, we often talk and think in terms of feminism or the newer concept of gender equality. But, let us not forget that we are largely a religious country and majority of us do not speak the elite language of feminism and gender equality. Perhaps, it will be these stories that would plant a seed of change in men and women about their attitudes and treatment of women.
Lastly, following any of the above rituals or practices is a personal choice. There is a tendency to dismiss these rituals as superstitions without investigating enough the knowledge or wisdom behind these practices. As educators, we have the responsibility to make an extra effort to understand the knowledge behind these rituals and the way they were conceived. Let us act responsibly about what we tell the next generation.
- Sinu Joseph
P.S. My exploration on this front will be an ongoing one. I request you to please share with me any such positive stories or explanations around menstruation that you have heard, and help me connect with people who might know more about such stories.

Menstrual taboos exist in most cultures (most cultures view menstrual blood as potentially dangerous & place restrictions around it). In the past, Western (male) anthropologists held that such taboos existed because menstrual blood was seen as polluted and unclean. More recently, some female anthropologists have questioned this assumption. They argue that some cultures have menstrual prohibitions not because menstrual blood is seen as dirty but because it is seen as sacred and powerful.
 In Polynesian cultures, for instance, menstrual blood is seen as “taboo” which means that it is seen as sacred, special, powerful, set apart. Things that are “taboo” have special restrictions placed on them because they are seen as powerful and potentially harmful (warriors who have killed in a battle, for instance, are also “taboo” for a while after they return home).
 Regardless of whether a culture considers menstrual blood polluted or powerful/sacred,what surprises me is that menstrual blood is always seen as dangerous. Polyesian cultures have taboos on what women can do while menstruating – a menstruating woman cannot go to fishing areas (for instance) because then no fish will be caught. She also can’t go into the garden because then the vegetables won’t grow. If menstrual blood is seen as sacred and powerful, why can’t its power be viewed as beneficial to society (rather than as dangerous and primarily harmful to society, like the power of witchcraft)?
 I think the reason behind this is that a lot of cultures fear powerful women – a powerful woman cannot be trusted. This fear of powerful women is present in European society as well: historically, mainly women were accused of witchcraft & killed, and women who worked medicinally with plants were quickly viewed with suspicion as ‘witches’. The idea that women have this dangerous ‘witchy’ power over men continues today. A beautiful woman is called ‘glamorous’, ‘enchanting’, ‘bewitching’ and ‘spellbinding’ (a ‘glamour’ was originally a spell cast on a man to make him believe that a woman was more attractive than she really was).
In Western society, menstruation was never viewed as powerful (only as polluted), however had it been considered powerful I think that our society would have feared it & labelled it as dangerous just like most other cultures around the world.
 It seems to me that almost all cultures view menstruation as dangerous in some way (even in the cultures that also view menstrual blood as sacred/special). I would love to hear of a culture that told women “come to our fishing areas when you are menstruating, to bring us good luck!” I vaguely remember reading somewhere of a culture where menstrual blood was seen as a positive ‘lucky’ force, so I think that such cultures exist although they are in the minority.
I know that some menstrual restrictions exist because of the idea that the powerful force of menstrual blood clashes badly with other sorts of powerful forces… but what I don’t understand is why can’t the power of menstrual blood be seen as primarily neutral or beneficial to societies around the world, rather than as primarily destructive?